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KMID : 1001320120390010023
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Social Welfare Policy
2012 Volume.39 No. 1 p.23 ~ p.53
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Gender Division in Poverty Reduction Effects of Income Transfer: A Trend Study on the Feminisation of Poverty 2000～2010
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Kim Jin-Wook
Kho Eun-Ju
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Abstract
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The research aims to analyse the trend of feminization of poverty and the gender division of income transfer for the last 10 years, using three micro datasets of 2000, 2006 and 2010. Major findings are as follows. First, the trend of feminization of poverty has deepened as the overall poverty rate has increased. The rapid increase of female heads’ poverty has led to the increase of the overall poverty rate. Secondly, the poverty reduction effect of public transfer has increased significantly, but the effect has been confined to the male headed households. The poverty reduction effects of private transfer still overwhelms that of public transfer among female-headed households. Thirdly, public transfers have had only limited effects in reducing gender gap of poverty, but private transfers have contributed to it significantly. As a result, the gender division of poverty reduction effects of income transfers has occurred for the last 10 years, i.e. male heads have higher effects in public transfers whereas female heads have higher effects in private transfers. The gender bias of income security system as well as various social policy programmes to lessen women’s poverty should be considered as the important challenges that Korean welfare state faces.
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KEYWORD
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Feminization of poverty, Poverty reduction effect, Gender division, Gender gap of poverty
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